Дата публикации: 05.11.2021

CASE STUDIES

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Therefore, a geologist must first determine relative ages and then locate the most favourable units for absolute dating . It is also important to note that relative.

About 75 years ago, Williard F. Libby, a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Chicago, predicted that a radioactive isotope of carbon, known as carbon, would be found to occur in nature. Since carbon is fundamental to life, occurring along with hydrogen in all organic compounds, the detection of such an isotope might form the basis for a method to establish the age of ancient materials.

Working with several collaboraters, Libby established the natural occurrence of radiocarbon by detecting its radioactivity in methane from the Baltimore sewer. In contrast, methane made from petroleum products had no measurable radioactivity. Carbon is produced in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays bombard nitrogen atoms.

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The ensuing atomic interactions create a steady supply of c14 that rapidly diffuses throughout the atmosphere. Plants take up c14 along with other carbon isotopes during photosynthesis in the proportions that occur in the atmosphere; animals acquire c14 by eating the plants or other animals. During the lifetime of an organism, the amount of c14 in the tissues remains at an equilibrium since the loss through radioactive decay is balanced by the gain through uptake via photosynthesis or consumption of organically fixed carbon.

However, when the organism dies, the amount of c14 declines such that the longer the time since death the lower the levels of c14 in organic tissue. This is the clock that permits levels of c14 in organic archaeological, geological, and paleontological samples to be converted into an estimate of time.